Tobacco control in Russian Federation 2008-2014
ロシア・公共的空間での全面禁煙法の制定へ
Tobacco control in Russian Federation 2008-2014 ロシア・公共的空間での全面禁煙法の制定へ |
Russian Parliament ratifies WHO's FCTC.
( Framework Convention on Tobacco Control )
NHK BS on April 12, 2008 broadcasts Russia is to ratify FCTC.
(L) A member of Russian parliament is talking to a tobacco company not to disturb their effort to restrict the tobacco use.
(R) The 99.3% of diet members voted yes to ratify the WHO treaty (FCTC).
ロシアでタバコ枠組み条約批准を満場一致で可決
ロシア下院議会は2008年4月、喫煙による健康障害を減らそうとするＷＨＯ（タバコ規制条約批准）
をほぼ満場一致で可決した。ＲＴＲテレビはタバコ産業の強力な抵抗を打ち破ったことが
信じられないという面持ちの議員もいたと報道している。
ロシア下院健康委員会委員長は「禁煙を法律で決めるだけでは何も解決しない。喫煙できる場所を
大きく制限し、タバコ包装には、タバコを吸う人が必ず分かるような警告表示を行うことが大切」
「なぜ禁煙が必要なのか、国民への説明を十分行う必要がある」と述べている。
ロシアがタバコ枠組み条約を批准すると、規制の開始時期は90日後で、タバコを吸える場所は制限され、
規制は段階的に強化される。タバコ広告は廃止され、公共的な場所での喫煙は禁止される。
5年間かけてタバコ規制に関する法整備を完了する。その暁には社会は大きく変わると思われる。
下院で3分の2以上の勢力を持つ統一ロシア党のドラガノフ議員は、「タバコ産業は、どうか
妨害しないで寛大さを示し、政府と議会に協力して欲しい。年内に法改正に向け社会的責任を果して
もらいたい」と呼びかけた。一方、自由民主党のジリノフスキー党首は「条約を悪用しないで欲しい。
タバコはストレスを取り除くのに有効だし、クリエーテブな人はすべて喫煙者である。人間の欠点を
取り除こうと急げば急ぐほど、革命が起こる」と発言、ラテンアメリカの例を取り上げた。
ロシア国内の喫煙者は総人口の70％にも達し、米国の24％の3倍近くである。喫茶店や鉄道の駅では
タバコの煙が流れ、喫煙室やビル階段室は、喫煙者で満席である。まるで明日から喫煙が禁止される
ので、これでタバコの吸い納めといわんばかりと、タバコをむさぼるように吸い込む男女の映像を流し、
解説している。
引用 ロシアＲＴＲテレビ（2008年4月11日）
最近、ロシアに数年間、滞在していたという日本人女性の話によると、モスクワなどの大都市の
飲食店はスターバックスを除くと、ほとんど分煙となっており、完全禁煙の店は見当たらない。
長距離列車内でもタバコの煙が漂ってくるとのことで、ロシアでは未だに喫煙規制後進国の
そしりを免れない。国の税金を増やすため、酒と煙草とを推奨し、警察署全部がマフィアと組んで
一般市民から金をまきあげていたというお国柄である。新たに施行されるタバコ規制法がどのように
実施されていくかを見守っていきたい。
2010年11月「禁煙席ネット」宮本順伯
(L) The chart shows a comparison of smoker rates to total population, between Russia and The United States. (Russia RTR)
(R) Smokers in the smoking booth in Russia
The picture shows a smoking scene during a discission at a research institute in Russia.
Source: NHK broadcast December 2008
Tobacco Control in Russia
The lower house of the Russian parliament has ratified the WHO's FCTC to ban smoking in public places.
If the bill is fully approved by the upper house, new anti-smoke laws will come into force for one of the
biggestcigarette-smoking populations in the world. The legislation will prohibit smoking in workplaces,
restaurants, enclosed sports facilities and government offices. However, most people worry over the
effect of new law, since the current smoking ban on public transport is widely ignored. Smoking and
heavy alcohol consumption are two of Russia's important public health problems, contributing to the
country's declining average life span.
Source: BBC NEWS November 12,2004.
Russian lawmakers consider public smoking ban.
In Russia, a stale cigarette smoke hangs over restaurants and bars, there are few non-smoking areas.
On the long-distance trains that criss-cross Russia, smokers lurk at the back of carriages; they congregate
in overcrowded smoking zones of airports, or male toilets to put on cigarettes besides the urinals before
boarding their flights.
Now, the parliament is considering the Health Minister Tatyana Golikova' s request to change the law
and ban smoking in bars, nightclubs, restaurants and casinos with the areas of under 50 sq meters,
followed two years later, by a total ban on smoking in public places. Nightclub owners in Moscow were
not thrilled at the prospect of a smoking ban. "In New York, only 20 percent of the nightclubs survived
after the smoking was prohibited even though the climate allows people to go outside and smoke,"
said the owner of two of Moscow's best-known nightclubs, Georgy Petrushin. Cigarettes cost about $1
a packet in Russia, posters advertising the joy of smoking are displayed in the streets. However, the
government wants to promote a healthier lifestyle in a country where the average life expectancy for
men is under 60, far lower than in western Europe, and the population is declining.
Source: Reuters Moscow Feb 20, 2009
Russian Minister Urges Citizens To Smoke, Drink More
Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin is urging his country's citizens to smoke more cigarettes and
drink more alcohol, as indulging those habits can apparently do wonders for the local economy.
Kudrin's unconventional advice comes just as Russia prepares to raise excise duty on both tobacco
and alcohol sales -- and higher consumption of both commodities could help lift tax revenues for
spending on social services. People should understand: Those who drink, those who smoke are doing
more to help the state; Kudrin said, as quoted by the Interfax news agency. "If you smoke a pack
of cigarettes, that means you are giving more to help solve social problems such as boosting demo-
graphics, developing the other social services and upholding birth rates. At present, Russian duties
on cigarettes are among the lowest in Europe, with most brands priced at around 40 rubles (roughly
$1.30) per pack, according to reports. In June, Russia's Finance Ministry announced plans that could
effectively raise the price from 250 rubles per 1,000 filtered cigarettes to 590 rubles ($19.20) by 2013.
Given that 65 percent of the nation's men smoke cigarettes, and the average Russian consumes 19
liters of alcohol (mostly vodka) each year, the price increase is likely to be unpopular.
Source: www.huffingtonpost.com. September 1, 2010
According to the story from a Japanese woman who is staying in Moscowfor several years, restaurants
in big cities such as Moscow provide a separate smoking room, and there is no smoke-free shop, except
of Starbucks. Even in the long-distance trains, a tobacco-smell is often flowing over the vehicle. Russia
is still the place of smoker's paradise, like other underdeveloped countries. It has been reported that
the government encourages to smoke cigarette and drink alcohol, to pay a tax, and a police in general
jointly works in partnership with a mafia to collect a money from a citizen.
Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D.,PhD: November 2011
(L) Hotel Antarius, Paratunka, Elizzovo Region, 32 kms from Petropavlovsk Airport, Kamchatka Peninsula
All guest rooms are smoke-free.
(R) A valley of geyser, Kamchatka: Photo source, Wikitravel
Russian Ban on Public Smoking to Go To Parliament by Nov. 2012
Russia will submit a law banning smoking in public places to parliament by November 2012, defying
opposition from leading cigarette makers of Philip Morris International Inc. (PM) and British-American
Tobacco Plc. (BATS).'Selling cigarettes is basically illegal if we look at it from the point of view of
protecting consumer rights,' Deputy Health Minister Sergei Velmiaikin told reporters today in Moscow.
Russia is the world largest tobacco market after China; however, the country loses 1.5 trillion rubles
($46.3 billion) a year, or 2.5 percent of gross domestic product, because of premature deaths caused
by smoking. It is not included the extra health costs of treating people who suffer from tobacco-related
diseases, Velmiaikin said. A draft law published August 2012 by the Health Ministry calls for outlawing
all cigarette advertising immediately, ending retail sales at kiosks and banning smoking in public
buildings such as barsand restaurants by January 2015. Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East
generated about a third of salesvolumes at BAT and Philip Morris, according to the companies.
'Russia is a big success story' for cigarette makers, an analyst at Berenberg Bank said. About 39 per-
cent of 143 million Russian people are habitual smokers, compared with 28 percent in China and
19.3 percent in the U.S.Smoking-related diseases kill 23 percent of Russian men, and cause economic
damages equal to 6.3 percent of GDP, according to the Health Ministry, which says its proposed law
could cut smoking by as much as half, and save 200,000 lives a year.
Japan-Tobacco Inc.(JT), the largest cigarette producer by market value in Asia, has lobbied against
the proposed legislation. The tobacco companies say that a total ban on smoking in public places and
on advertising cigarette, is too draconian, while kiosk sales will only end up hurting small businesses.
They also argue that steep tax increases would not impact demand as much as the Health Ministry
envisages because it will lead to a flood of cheaper imports from neighboring countries such as
Belarus, Kazakhstan and China.
Source: Henry Meyer and Stepan Kravchenko - Bloomberg News, Sep 4, 2012
Sobranie Black Russian cigarettes
Medvedev Calls for Public Smoking Ban in Russia by 2015
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev has said that 44 million Russians, nearly one in three, are hooked on
smoking, and almost 400,000 die every year of smoking-related causes. Under the draft legislation,
tobacco advertising will be outlawed and smoking in public places such as restaurants, bars and hotels
will be phased out. It will also ban kiosks and outlets in stations from selling cigarettes, much to the
consternation of the kiosk owners who say they could be put out of business. Deputies in the Russian
Duma, the country's lower house of parliament, voted at its first reading, with 429 in favor and two
abstentions.
Deputy Health Minister Sergei Velmyaikin said in the Duma that the purpose of the bill was not to
reduce the number of smokers, but to prevent that number growing. Foreign tobacco firms, including
British-American Tobacco, Imperial Tobacco, Japan Tobacco, and Philip Morris,control more than
90 percent of Russian sales and have been lobbying to soften the proposed legislation. Russia is the
largest tobacco market after China. The cigarette market was estimated at be worth around $22 billion
in 2011 by Euromonitor International. Lawmakers had initially thought that the legislation might come
into force early next year but following delays the second reading is not now expected until spring
2013. If passed, the restrictions will be phased in and are expected to be fully in force by 2016.
Russia's Finance Ministry has previously announced plans to increase the excise duty on tobacco by
around 40 percent for 2013 and 2014, and by 10 percent a year, after 2015.
Source: Reuters, December 14, 2012
All restaurants will be smoke-free by 2014 in Russia.
Russian lawmakers approved anti- tobacco legislation that bans smoking near and in hospitals and
schools and in public transportation and offices as of June 2013. The law requires the signature of
President Vladimir Putin, who has waged a public health drive in Russia. The legislation, which also
outlaws tobacco advertising and restricts sales and sponsorship, will extend to prohibit smoking in
hotels and restaurants in 2014. Philip Morris International Inc., British-American Tobacco Plc, Japan
Tobacco Inc. and Imperial Tobacco Group Plc, which control 93 percent of the $19.5 billion Russian
market, had opposed the curbs on cigarette consumption, which were backed by Prime Minister
Dmitry Medvedev. Lawmakers in Moscow approved the bill by a 441-1 margin.'That is a social
revolution' said a Russia lawmaker before the vote. The legislation, which was watered down during
the second reading in January, is a compromise after a multi-million-dollar campaign by the tobacco
lobby, according to a lawmaker. Some 39 percent of Russians are regular smokers, according to
the WHO. About 400,000 Russians, or 0.3 percent in the population, die each year from smoking-
related diseases.
Source: Bloomberg February 13, 2013
President Putin signed law to curb smoking, tobacco sales in Russia.
Lt's cut off fishing hooks. Photograph was taken by Akiyoshi Komaki, Asahi Shimbun.
釣り針を断ち切ろうと禁煙を呼び掛けるロシア保健省公共広告
モスクワ特派員 駒木明義氏撮影
Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed a law that will ban smoking in most public places and restrict
cigarette sales in the world's second-largest tobacco market after China. The law will ban smoking in
some public places such as subways and schools from June 2013, and come into force a year later in
other places, including restaurants and cafes. It will also ban sales of tobacco products at street kiosks
from June, 2014, restrict advertising and set minimum prices for cigarettes, which now cost 50 to 60
roubles a pack (less than $2). President Putin, who started a new six-year term in 2012 and has pro-
moted healthy life-styles, hopes the law will help undermine an entrenched cigarette culture and reverse
a decline in Russia's population since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Advocating the law in a video
blog before it was submitted to parliament in 2012. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said nearly one in
three Russians were hooked on smoking, and almost 400,000 die each year from smoking-related causes.
The Kremlin said the law was intended to bring Russia into line with a World Health Organization tobacco
control treaty that Moscow ratified in 2008. The law faced opposition from foreign tobacco companies
that dominate a cigarette market estimated to be worth $22 billion in 2011 by the market research
company of Euromonitor International.
Source: Reuters, Moscow Ferbruary 25, 2013
World Lung Foundation congratulated the Russian Federation for passing
comprehensive new tobacco control laws.
The legislation passed through both houses of parliament and was signed in February 2013, by Russian
President Vladimir Putin. The new law includes the establishment of smoke-free laws; restrictions on
point of sale and displaying tobacco, advertising, promotion and sponsorship agreements; and measures
to restrict tobacco industry interference in public health policy.
Smoke-free Russia and Sales Restrictions
Under the legislation, from June 2013, 100% smoke-free policies will be implemented in educational,
medical, cultural and sport facilities, all government buildings, elevators and stairwells of apartment
buildings, public transportation and airports and all playgrounds and beaches. From June, 2014, no-
smoke zone will be extended to hospitality venues, including hotels, cafes, bars and restaurants and long-
distance trains. In addition, sales of tobacco products will be banned in all rail stations, airports and other
transportation hubs. Comprehensive legislation could save millions of lives and be a model for Eastern
Europe.
Source: World Lung Foundation, February 26, 2013
Russian tobacco obtained in July 2014
The left picture, we can easily understand that smoking causes impotence.
The right picture that shows two hands with string means that smoking causes nicotine addiction. On the front side,
there is the same health warning that emphasis the fact smoking kills users.
Tobacco has been struck by being put in a black big box, like as the coffin.
(L) No one can see a cigarette unless a smoker asked to specify the name of tobacco product to buy.
(R) When a shop clerk opened the top, a series of cigarette can be seen at the first time.
These photos were taken by Dr. J. Miyamoto at Moscow in July 2014.
Copyright (C)2014 Junhaku Miyamoto, PhD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
現在、たばこを買うきわめて短い時間内しかたばこの箱を見ることは全く出来ない
2014年7月、モスクワにて、特別の配慮を得て撮影
Smoking ban comes into effect in Russia.
A non-smoking sign posted outside of the State Kremlin Palace.
A law banning smoking in public places has come into force in Russia. From June 2013, smoking will be
banned at schools, universities, cultural and sports centers, on beaches, stadiums, playgrounds and
hospitals, and also on planes, on the metro and on public transport. Smoking near or inside railway
stations, at ports and at airports is now a breach of the law as well. The new legislation will also apply to
tobacco advertising. Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the ban into the law on February 25. The
law comes into force on June 1, 2013. However, some of its provisions, including a total ban on smoking
in restaurants, trains and hotels, will only come into effect one year later.
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said in April that the new legislation banning smoking in public
places could save up to 200,000 lives annually in Russia, which has some of the highest rates of smoking
in the world. The legislation also imposes a total ban on tobacco advertising. Tobacco companies will be
barred from holding promotional prize draws and sponsoring public events and competitions. The bill
also prohibits a display of tobacco products in shops. Sales in retail kiosks will be banned from June 2014,
and minimum prices will be set for cigarettes, which currently cost from just 40 rubles ($1.30) a pack.
The Russian parliament began debating a bill imposing fines of up to 1,500 rubles (about $48) for
smoking in public places.
Source: Voice of Russia, June 1 2013
Smoking Ban in Russia: 2013-2014
No-smoking at the outside terrace in Saint Petersburg
Russia was a tobacco industries' paradise for a long time, with almost no regulation. However,
the Soviet Union approved countrywide campaigns against smoking. The law "on the protection of
the population from the harmful effects of cigarette smoke and the consequences of tobacco con-
sumption" has passed the third and final vote in the State Duma and will be effective partly from
July 2013 and completely from June 2014. Starting 1 June 2013, smoking in schools, hospitals,
cultural institutions and government buildings will be restricted, and tobacco advertising and
sponsorship forbidden. Graphic warnings will become compulsory.
Starting 1 June 2014, smoking will also be prohibited in workplaces, on aircraft, trains as well as
restaurants and cafes.
Reference: RIA Novosti and others
No-smoking sign at the entrance of a restaurant in Moscow
Young Russians born this decade faces complete smoking ban.
It's part of a tough anti-tobacco strategy the country's politicians are trying to make a reality. The ban
on the sale of tobacco to this generation and younger would continue even after they reach adulthood.
It's only being considered at the moment, but it could mean smoking eventually becoming illegal for
all Russians.
プーチン大統領は2015年以降に出生したすべての人に対してタバコ販売を禁止することを考慮中であることを公表している。
コメント：年上の人に購入を頼むなどの抜け道はあるが、吸い始める機会を大幅に無くし、国民全体の健康を増進する効果は大きい
source: BBC 11 January 2017
ロシア・公共的空間での全面禁煙法の制定へ
【モスクワ】ロシア議会は2012年12月、厳しい禁煙法を第1読会（提案審議）で承認し、世界第2位の
タバコ市場で厳しい政策対応を推進する。ロシア政府はこの厳しい手段がタバコの消費を抑制すると
期待している。この法案は、タバコの広告と、ほとんどすべての公共の場所で喫煙することを禁止し、
タバコを販売できる場所を厳しく制限する。
メドベージェフ首相の支援を得て厚生省が提案したこの法案は10月に大きな勢いを得て下院に
送られた。この法案の第2回の審議会は2013年2月に開かれる予定である。
ベルミアイキン副保健相はモスクワで記者団に「消費者の権利保護の観点からすればたばこ販売は
基本的に違法だ」と語った。ロシアは中国に次ぐ世界2位のたばこ市場で、喫煙が原因の死亡による
損失は年間１兆5000億ルーブル（約3兆6300億円）、ロシア男性の死因のうち喫煙関連の疾病の
比率は23％に上り、経済的損失は国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）の6.3％に達するとしている。
ロシア市場のおよそ90％を占めるたばこ会社大手4社は、この法案に強く反対してきた。メドベージェフ
首相は、タバコ会社は強いが政府はもっと強いと述べ、この法案がタバコ会社のロビー抵抗活動を
克服することに自信を見せている。 ロシア人の喫煙率は40％に近く、数量ベースで中国に次ぐ世界
第2位のたばこ市場である。大手たばこ会社4社にとって、ロシアでの売上高は利益の大きな柱であり、
アナリストの推定によると、日本たばこ産業（JT）はロシア、世界全体の利益の11％を獲得しており、
次いでフィリップモリス・インターナショナルが9％、英ブリティッシュ・アメリカン・タバコが
8％、英インペリアル・タバコは5％の販売シェアを占めている。
世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）によると、ロシアの人口1億4300万人のうち39％が喫煙常習者で、中国の28％、
米国の27％を上回っている。法案に反対していたフィリップ・モリス・インターナショナルや
ブリティッシュ・アメリカン・タバコはいずれも東欧、アフリカ、中東地域のたばこ売り上げが
販売量の約３分の１を占める。日本たばこ産業（ＪＴ）のロシアの広報担当者は「このような規制を
導入してもロシアの消費者の考え方が変わらない限り、消費抑制の目標は達成できない」と語った。
ブルームバーグ配信によると、ロシア議会は最終読会で、公共の場での喫煙を禁止する法案を可決した。
2013年6月から病院や学校、公共交通機関、オフィスの中や近くでの喫煙が禁じられる。 法案は
プーチン大統領の署名後に成立する。同大統領は自国の公共の場での健康増進を推し進めてきた。
同法案が成立すると、タバコの広告も打てなくなる上、販売とスポンサー契約にも制限が加えられる。
2014年には禁止対象区域がホテルやレストランにまで広がる。 大手タバコ4社は、たばこ消費を
抑制する措置に反対してきた。195億ドル（約１兆8000億円）規模のロシアタバコ市場の93％を、
この４社が占める。議会は賛成441票、反対１票で法案を可決した。 世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）によると、
ロシア国民のうち習慣的に喫煙する人の割合は約39％である。メドベージェフ首相は、2012年10月、
全人口の0.3％に相当する約40万人が毎年、喫煙関連の疾病で死亡していると言明していた。
ロシアのプーチン大統領は大方の公共の場での喫煙を禁じ、たばこ販売を規制する法案に署名した。
この法律により、地下鉄や学校など一部の公共の場での喫煙が2013年6月から禁じられるほか、
レストランやカフェなど他の場所での喫煙も １年後の2014年6月に禁止される。また、路上の売店
でのタバコ製品の販売も禁止となる。このほか、広告が規制され、 現在１箱50-60ルーブル
（2ドル未満）となっているたばこの最低価格も設定される。
ロシアは中国に次ぐ世界2位のたばこ市場。健康なライフスタイルを推進してきたプーチン大統領は
この法律が定着したタバコ文化を変え 減少する人口の回復につながることを望んでいる。 政府は
この法律について、ロシアが2008年に批准した世界保健機関（WHO）のたばこ規制条約の基準を
満たすことが目的としている。
タバコ規制を強化するロシア
今までタバコに寛容なロシアがソチオリンピックを契機に屋内での喫煙行為を完全禁止した。
「釣り針を断ち切ろう！」と、ロシア保健省は大きな公共広告を街中に掲示、喫煙者が
タバコ会社の糸に操られ、やがては死に至る様を警告している。ほとんどの国ではホテルの
喫煙客室の設定をホテル側の裁量に任しているが、ここロシアでは2014年6月から喫煙客室の
全面廃止とホテル屋内での喫煙行為を禁止している。レストランおよびバーも例外ではない。
屋内施設では全面禁煙となっており、飲食店側もそれを当然のこととして受け止めている。
喫煙を許していた長距離列車内でもいまやタバコを吸うことができない。
日本の列車が喫煙ブースを設置し喫煙行為をサポートしているが、このような非健康的な
野蛮行為を認めている国は皆無である。国民の健康を守ることが第一か、欧米、ロシア、
オセアニアなど世界で実施されている鉄道車内規制を無視して、タバコ税収を優先させて、
喫煙者の主張を守り抜いていくか、日本政府当局者はロシアや世界各国での厳しい車内
喫煙規制を学習せねばならないだろう。
2017年9月、日本タバコフリー学会で使用されたスライド（宮本順伯）
Total smoking Ban in hotels at Moscow, Russia 2014
Japanese Government is to promote a policy of the opposite.
In 2013, Department of Health, Labor and Welfare announced to assist an establishment of
indoor smoking room in restaurant and hotels, and will increase the financial support rate
from the present 25% to50% of the whole construction fee.
ロシアは2014年6月から屋内全面禁煙と強力なタバコ販売規制実行：
喫煙行為を手厚く保護しようとしている日本と喫煙行為を大幅に減らそうとするロシアとの違い
Russia
Russia 2008-2012
ロシア訪問記 日本語要約 2014
ロシア・公共的空間での全面禁煙法の制定へ
2008年4月執筆 2008年12月加筆 2009年5月加筆 2009年12月加筆 2010年11月加筆 2012年9月加筆 2013年6月加筆
2012年12月加筆 2013年2月加筆 2013年12月加筆 2014年7月加筆 2017年7月加筆
執筆 医学博士 宮本順伯
These articles were written in April 2008, and last revised in December 2021, by Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D., PhD.
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The article was written in November 2008, by Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D., PhD.
This information was provided by the Smokefree Hotel and Travel.
Copyright(C) 2008 Junhaku Miyamoto, All rights reserved.
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